ANIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF SALMONELLA SPP ISOLATED FROM AQUACULTURE POND

ANIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF Salmonella Spp ISOLATED FROM AQUACULTURE POND

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

ANIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF SALMONELLA SPECIES ISLOATED FROM AQUACULTURE POND IN AFIKPO.

Salmonella species a pathogenic rod shaped gram negative had been frequently defined as opportunistic and potential pathogenic bacteria of water bodies in warm climatic zones which pose a great risk to human health (Heinitz et al 2000) this pathogenic bacteria has been isolated from freshwater and sand samples and the aquaculture products mostly affected by salmonella is the catfish which is the most popularly cultivated fish and consumption of this fish by humans can cause major health problems (Sarter et al 2007)

The microbiological safety of seafood or aquaculture has been a source of concern to its consumers and regulatory of agencies. The rapid and accurate identification of bacterial pathogens is importance bacterial pathogens within aquaculture (Bhagwat 2003, Germini et al 2009).

Salmonellosis is a worldwide health problem. The non-typhoidal salmonella enteric is a common cause of a number of different disease syndromes including gastroenteritis bacteria and typhoid fever (coburn et al,2007) various animals are reservoirs for salmonella species, but fish being an animal with over 30,000 species has the biggest group and therefore are more available for bacterial contamination since most are commercially used for food production (Oehlenschlage et al, 2009).

The quality of aquaculture products may be compromised by exposure to pathogens and biological contaminants. Chemical contaminants ( agents used in aquaculture such as veterinary antibiotics antiseptics and anaesthestics. Few antibiotics have been adapted or developed spelcifically for use in aquatic organisms.

Thus several classes of antibiotics may be used in aquaculture, including sulfonamides, quinolones, macrolides, tetraclines and emamectin. This however, posses a considerable risk of release of antimicrobials into the environment and eventually the development of resistance in pathogenic bacteria (Faucon, 2002).

The prevalence of specific salmonella serovars is related to food type, thus welterueden and Rissen are predominant in aquaculture as shown by (Kumar et al, 2009) in a study on the distribution and characterization of salmonella serovars isolated from fish samples.

AIM OF THE STUDY

The aim of this study is to identify the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of salmonella species in aquaculture found in Afkipo north local government

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

To isolate salmonella Spp from aquaculture sources.
To characterize and identify the isolated strains.
To determine the susceptibility of the isolated to antibiotics.

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