EFFECT OF ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF AQUEOUS LEAF EXTRACT OF PARQUETINA NIGRESCENS ON LIVER BIOMARKERS AND SERUM ELECTROLYTES OF ALBINO WISTAR RATS

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0 The use of medicinal plants as food supplements and in the treatment of specific diseases dated back to antiquities. In actual facts, herbal preparations and their therapeutic uses can be traced to the origin of man himself. Although several synthetic drugs are available, attention is currently being focused on the use of plants and plant products in prevention or correction of various metabolic diseases because of several side effects associated with the use of synthetic drugs (oze et al., 2008; zhang et al., 2005). Several plants are now known to have medicinal effects across the different regions of the world (Burkll, 1985). The use of herb in treatment of diseases has gained ground around worldwide, making traditional medicine an inevitable global discuss.

This practice calls for research into pharmacological activities of plants secondary metabolites and has improved modern pharmacotherapeutics around the world (Nwangwu et al., 2007). Though, some medicine plants serves as foods, they contain secondary metabolites that influences states (Ugochukwuetal., 2003) also they have less side effects (karim et al., 2011).

Parquetinanigrescensis an herbaceous perennial twine belonging to the family of asclepiadaceae. It is usually woody at the base and measures between 7-8m in length. The plant is commonly from growing on the anthills across the African region, from Senegal to Nigeria, and over the Congo basin down to south tropical Africa (Burkll, 1985).

Parquetinanigrescenshas been found to contain cardenoides, glycosides and alkaloids (Burkll, 1985; marks et al., 1995). It has been shown to posseshaematopoietic activities, increasing erythrocytes indices in anaemic rats on dose dependentbasis (Agbor and odetola, 2001; Agbor and odetola, 2005). It also stimulates increased uterine contraction as a result of mobilization of extracellular calcium in a manner that is similar to the effects of Oxytocin (Datte et al., 1996). The use of this plant for numerous ethnomedicinal applications without adequate data on their safety and wholesomeness is misleading. Therefore, this work was designed to fill that scientific gap by providing baseline data on the effects of oral administration of parquetinanigrescens leaf extract on serum liver biomarkers and electrolytes.

1. AIM OF THE STUDY

The aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of oral administration of aqueous leaf extract of parquetinanigrescenson serum liver biomarker and electrolytes of male and female albino wistar rats in order to determine their safety and wholesomeness for ethnomedicinal and other pharmacological applications.

1. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The specific objective includes:

To evaluate the acute toxicity and determine medium lethal (LD50) of the aqueous leaf extract of parquetinanigrescens in the male and female albino wistar rats.
To evaluate the effects of aqueous extracts from parquetinanigrescens on serum liver biomarkers (Alkaline Phosphatase, Alanine transaninase, Aspartate transaminase) and some selected electrolytes (Ca²⁺, K⁺ and Na⁺) in normal male and female albino wistar rats.

1. SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study convened the effects produced in albino wistar rats treated with graded doses (0.0mg/kg, 250mg/kg, 500mg/kg and 750mg/kg body weight) of parquetina nigrescens. Acute toxicity study was also carried out to determine the medium lethal dose while the percentage yield of the aqueous crude extract was also determined and recorded.

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