DESIGN OF A TWO STOREY LIBRARY COMPLEX

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The structure of a building (or the object) is the part which is responsible for maintaining of the shape of the building under the influence of the forces, loads and other environmental factors to which it is subjected to. It is important that the structure as a whole(or any part of it) does not fall down, break or deform to unacceptable degree when subjected to such forces or loads (philip, 2005).

A structure is an assemble of each which is subjected to bending or direct force either tensile or compressive or a combination of bending and direct force. These primary forces may be accompanied by sharing forces and sometimes by tension. Effect due to temperature and shrinkage and creep of concrete and the possibility of damage resulting from over loading, local abrasion, vibrating, frost, chemical attack cause may have to be considered.

Reinforced cement concrete(RCC) is the concrete that contains embedded steel bars, plates of fibres that strengthens the materials. The capabilities to carry loads by these materials are magnified, and because of this, reinforced concrete(RCC) is used extensively in all construction. In fact, it has become the most commonly utilized construction material (Aggeliki,2011).

A reinforced concrete structure is a combination of slabs, beams, columns and walls rigidly cemented together to form a monolithic frame. Each individual member must be capable of resisting the force acting on it, so that the determination of these forces is an essential part of the design process.

Design include calculation of or other means of accessing and providing resistance against the amount forces and other effect of the members. An efficiently designed structure is one in which the members are arranged in such a way that the loads and forces are transmitted by the cheapest means which intend used of the structure and the nature of the site.

For this project, design of a two storey library complex, the Architectural plan was subjected to structural analysis and design.

1.2 LOCATION

The structure proposed is to be located in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana, Afikpo Ebonyi State.

1.3 BACKGROUND/STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Fundamentally, library complex is one of the chief facilities in the field of learning (institutions or schools) cutting across the primary education levels through the tertiary institutions, which facilitates rapid learning and ensure sound education to students/scholars.

In the context of rapid growth of education in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana, the importance of adopting standard design of library complex cannot be underestimated. Education nowadays is anchored on research or carrying out research in the library which could be either in paper form or electronic material. The world in general gets more globalised day by day which brought about advancement in all ramifications of human Endeavour.

The current state of Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic with regards to population, reading/study, research and academic in general is not only alarming but unbearable. The library complex built by the school has been partitioned into administrative offices living little space for academic research work which forms the basis for project as the already existing library complex does not meet up with the teeming population of students admitted into the school and number of staff employed yearly.

Electronic library also known as E-section of the library is also a tug of war to students and staff of polytechnic as only one partition has been made available for both students and staff online research and learning. Adopting larger library complex as proposed in this project work via standard design of reinforced concrete would proffer solution to the problem.

1.4 AIMS OF THE STUDY

The fundamental aim of structural design is to achieve a structure which fulfills the requirements of structural design ethics and to satisfy at economic cost. Other aims include:

1.4.1 To know how to analyze, design and detail the structural element of a building.

1.4.2 To provide a model that will be used as an academic tool for referencing and further research.

1.4.3 To be familiar with the modified code(BS8110) and its application to structural analysis, design and detailing.

1.4.4 To aid students in their research and how to apply the knowledge of structural design and analysis to produce a safe structure.

1.4.5 To pinpoint the application of the theoretical knowledge to real life situation.

1.5 OBJECTIVESOF THE STUDY

The objectives of this study include:

1.5.1 To design a structure that shall not collapse under any loading condition.

1.5.2 To design and obtain a structure that shall be safe against vibration from the force due to wind machinery or dynamic actions.

1.5.3 To produce a structure that shall remain suitable and safe during construction and after construction.

1.5.4 To achieve a structure that shall be sufficient, fire resistance and resistance against the action of the weather or economic activities.

1.5.5 To achieve a structure that shall satisfy deflection, cracking, shear and fatigue etc.

1.6 SCOPE OF STUDY

This project, "Design of two storey library complex", present the calculation for the design of slabs, beams, column, staircase and foundation(footing) and also the structural drawings(designs) for the slabs, beams, columns and foundation. The structural elements are designed by consulting relevant clauses and tables of BS8110 part 1:1997,BS8110 part 3:1985.

1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The project work was retarded by lack of finance, limited time required for the project work to be carried out, difficulty to see project supervisor when problems were encountered. Finally, difficulty in sourcing out materials for the research work.

1.8 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The methods employed in this project work are:

1.8.1 THE ULTIMAT LIMITE STATE: This is concern with the maximum load-carry capacity of the structure. It is only attained when the structure collapse.

1.8.2 THE SERVICEABILITY LIMITE STATE: This is concern with durability and deformation (excessive deflection, cracking) behavior of the structures, excessive vibration, fatigue, fire resistance and robustness are also taken care of in the serviceability limit state. The importance of a particular limit state is dependent on the function of the structure and upon the environment.

1.9 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

1.9.1 This work should be useful to students or scholars who have flare for wider study and research in academic field.

1.9.2 This work is expected to project the image of the polytechnic in the academic world by lifting the embargo of poor reading habit and research work due to uncondusive environment.

1.9.3 This project work is expected to increase the horizon of learning among students and staff and welcome the institution to the global world of learning (internet learning).

1.9.4 It should add credit to the school among her neighbouring states and institutions by bringing in readers from outside the polytechnic community.

1.9.5 Finally, this work if implemented will accommodate large readers with high comfort than had before.

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