DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A COMPUTERIZED LIBRARY BOOK BORROWING SYSTEM.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

A library is where collection of books, and other materials like journals, newspapers etc and media like compact disc, that are accessible for use by its users. Libraries provide physical (hard copies) or digital (soft copies) materials, and may be a physical location, a virtual space, or both. Library's collection normally includes printed materials which can be borrowed, and usually also includes a reference section (the available journal) of publications which may only be utilized inside the premises. Resources such as commercial releases of films, television programmes, other video recordings, radio, music and audio recordings may be available in many formats. These include Digital Video Disk (DVDs), Blu-rays, Compact Disk (CDs), cassettes, or other applicable formats such as microform. The library may also provide access to information, music or other content held on Bibliographic database. Bibliographic database is an organized online collection of references to published written works like journal and newspaper articles, conference proceedings, reports, government and legal publications, patents and books(Kusserowet.al,2017).

Libraries can vary widely in size and may be organized and maintained by a public body such as a government, an institution (such as a school or museum), a corporation, or a private individual. In addition to providing materials, libraries also provide the services of librarians who are trained experts in finding, selecting, circulating and organizing information, they also interpret information needs and navigate and analyze large amounts of information with a variety of resources.

Library buildings often provide quiet areas for studying, as well as common areas for group study and collaboration, and may provide public facilities for access to their electronic resources, such as computers to access to the Internet.

The library can also offers diverse services because users of a public library have different needs. Libraries can also serve as a community hubs, where learning programmes can be made available and people can engage in lifelong learning. Modern libraries extend their services beyond the physical walls of the building by providing material accessible via internet, from anywhere in the world.

According to (Virani, 2017) libraries may provide physical or digital access to material, and may be a physical location, virtual space, or both. A library's collection can include books, periodicals, newspapers, manuscripts, films, maps, prints, documents, microform, CDs, cassettes, videotapes, DVDs, Blu-ray Discs, e-books, audiobooks, databases, table games, and video games. Public and institutional collections and services may be intended for use by people who choose not to or who cannot afford to purchase an extensive collection themselves, who need material no individual can reasonably be expected to have, or who require professional assistance with their research (Howard et al, 2019).

Most libraries have materials arranged in a specified order according to a library classification system, so that items may be located quickly and collections browsed efficiently. Some libraries have additional galleries that are not open to the public These galleries are where reference materials are stored. These reference stacks may be open to selected members of the public, while others may require patrons to submit a "stack request" a request for an assistant to retrieve the material from the closed stacks

Larger libraries are often divided into departments, staffed by both paraprofessionals and professional librarians. Their department names and occupational designations may change depending on their location and the needs of the library. The circulation department handles user accounts, the loaning/returning and shelving of materials (Morris and Bullard, 2019).

Basic tasks in the library include planning acquisitions of materials, classifying and preserving items (especially rare and fragile archival materials such as manuscripts), the accessing materials, patron borrowing, developing and administering library computer systems and technology (Stueartet. al,2018).Library materials like books, magazines, periodicals, CDs, etc. are managed using a library classification system such as the Dewey Decimal Classification Theory, though libraries will usually adjust their classification system to fit their needs (Bhattacharjeeet.al,2018).

The current library system uses book as the medium to record the information and details of the borrowers. Although this method of recording the information is good and cheaper , but the record books can be easily damaged and will not last for a long time. The pages of the books can be easily torn off and damaged by water or fire

Computerized library system is designed to help library staffs maintain and organize the library, consequently, making work easier and faster for the library management. This system will be designed to help the librarian identify books that the students or teachers want to borrow and also help the librarian to easily identify the unreturned books. The basic operation in a library system is adding new member, and new books, updating information, searching for books, and searching for users who have refused to return borrowed books The purpose of the computerized library system is to provide a medium for the library to computerize their entire functioning. Most library still have entire records on paper, leading to tedious task of finding relevant information. Finding the required information is usually time consuming and frustrating. The introduction of computerized library system would not only simplify this process but also speedup the entire functioning of the library. It will also contribute towards increasing the efficiency of the library as a whole, right from the data entry to maintaining the historical records. One major purpose is to provide user or the library staffs the opportunity to easily search for books and reserve books that are issued to other users and also request for newer books.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike currently have manual library system. All the records of library members, books, book issue and return transactions, etc. are maintained manually in books.. Using the current library system at the University is very time consuming and inefficient for searching, updating and maintaining records. It is in view of these problems that necessitated this research work on the computerized library system (online book borrowing system.).

1.3 Aim and Objectives of the Study

The aim of the study is to develop a online library system (book borrowing system). The following are the specific objectives to help in achieving the aim:

To develop an automated system that will aid registering of available books in the library.
To develop a system that will aid borrowing of registered books.
To implement a system that can be used to search, update and maintain the book borrowing records of a library.
To automatically send borrowers SMS or Email to return borrowed book to avoid penalties.

1.4 Significance of the Study

The study is significant in the following ways:

It will provide librarians with an information system that can be used to manage book borrowing information.
The system will make borrowers information easily available and accessible from anywhere.
The study will serve as a useful reference material for other researchers and scholars seeking related information.

1.5 Scope of the Study

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