A STATISTICAL STUDY ON AVAILABILITY AND UTILIZATION OF MEDICAL SERVICES IN AKANU IBIAM FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC UNWANA MEDICAL CENTER

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Sound health is a fundamental requirement for experiencing sound, social, economic and productive life. Poor health inflicts great hardship on households including making the body and mind weaker, substantial monetary expenditures loss of labour and sometimes death. The health conditions of adults affects the ability to work and thus affects his/her welfare, economic and social development.

Development in all its form is only possible where there is availability of medical services and in turn its assessability by individuals. Availability of medial service is defined as those medical services that are assessable and ready for use while utilization of medical service is defined as the ways in which individuals responds to ill health and disease (Prosser, 2007). Many factors like characteristic of the individual, income level, ability to access medical service that they need in their quest to deal with their ill health may influence response to medical service, while it is of interest to view health seeking as a wider process.

Okenja defined health care seeking in its broadest term as relating to health care service use and the way in which individual reacts and understand the danger of ill health for the purpose of finding appropriate treatment. This study investigates factors which influence the use of health and medical service, specially health care seeking behavior. This was done using a questionnaire designed to gain utilization of medical service data, as well as information relating to the availability of these service.

The subsequent data collected will be analyzed to determine which factors affects the use of medical service in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic medical center and whether the study participant believe their health need were being met. However, more recent studies are beginning to discover that unless health and ill-health in less developed countries are considered in this broader context ,inequalities between less developed countries and developed countries will only become more evident (Cywatkin, 2000).

Therefore knowledge of the patterns that influence the use of health and medical service in developing countries needs to be addressed.

1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

To every individual sound health is an important factor for experiencing sound, social, economic and productive life, in order for the factor to be achieved, there should be a well equipped medical service or health center to cater for these need.

In view of this, the problem of this research work is to investigate the rate at which polytechnic community falls sick and sometimes result to death. However, in other to meet the anticipated needs for sound health, there is need for the management to look into the areas of deficiency with the sole aim of reducing the complains of the users of Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Medical Center.

1.2 AIM/OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

This study has the following objectives;

1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The significance of this study is twofold. First at the polytechnic community level, information regarding service utilization and preference can be used to improve the appropriateness of the medical services offered where resource are limited, the value of targeting and patronizing service cannot be understated.

Secondly, this study seeks to improve the body of knowledge that exist regarding the availability of medical service like the available services rendered, adequate level of stocking of drugs, etc in the polytechnic community.

This study investigates some of the broader contextual issues that influence the availability and utilization of medical service with the overall intention to better Akanu Ibiam Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana Medical service and its users.

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION

In order to investigate factors which influence the user of health and medical service in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana Medical Centre, this study explores health care seeking behavior in the study population, their characteristics and ability to access the available service with the sole aim to determine whether their health needs are being met.

Specific question addresses are;

1.5 STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS

HYPOTHESIS TEST

In this project we are going to carry out the following hypothesis test.

a. Difference of two means

Ho: X₁ = X₂

H1: X₁ ¹ X₂

Ho: X₁ = X₂

H1: X₁ ¹ X₂

b. Difference of two proportion

i. Equality in the proportion of male and female patients admitted with bed

Ho: Pm = Pf

H1: Pm ¹ Pf

1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of this study comprises the users of Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana Medical Center and it covers a period of ....

1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Respondent: are business, authorities , individual person, etc from whom data and associated information are collected for use in computing statistic.

To unfold the quality of available medical service among staff and student in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana medical center.
To unveil the estimated population mean and total attendance to Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Medical Center in the near future.
To discover the adequacy of the medical service rendered in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana medical center.
1. Are the mean length of time in receiving medical service in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana Medical Center significantly different or not among the users.
2. Are the facilities in the medical center adequate?
Primary data: A primary data can be defined as a raw information collected by a researcher for a specific purpose
Secondary data: this can be defined as the data that have been already collected by and readily available from other source.
Simple random sampling is the basic sampling technique where we select a group of subjects (a sample) for study from a larger group (a population). Each individual is chosen entirely by chance and each member o f the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample.
Hypothesis test: is a statistical test that is used to determine whether there is enough evidence in a sample of data to infer that a certain condition is true for the entire population
Standard error: is the standard deviation of sampling distribution of a statistic
Standard deviation is a measure that is used to quantify the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of data values.
Level of significance: the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis in a statistical test when it is true.
Confidence interval: is a range of values so defined that there is a specific probability the value of a parameter lies within it.
The mean length of time spent in consulting a doctor.
The mean length of time spent in receiving drug among student and staff.

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